Nihongo
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敬語

keigo — politeness levels: raise them, lower yourself

Review 46 →
丁寧語 — polite to anyonelower my own actionsraise theiractions
Will you eat? their actionI'll eat. (thanks) my actionWhere are you going? their actionI'll come by tomorrow. my action
casual · plain form friends, family
polite strangers, colleagues — the safe default
sonkeigo · respectful customers, superiors — raises THEM — —
kenjōgo · humble customers, superiors — lowers ME— —

尊敬語 is only ever for their actions, 謙譲語 only for your own — both still end in です・ます.

plain
be (people)
go · come
say
see · look
eat · drink
do
know
give (I → you)
give (you → me)
receive
meet
their action, raised
→
→
→ ご+漢語
my action, for you
→ I'll carry it
→ ご+漢語
→
looks like the passive
→
→
→

One-mora stems can't take お~になる () — that's what the special verbs are for.

welcome (come in)
please wait a moment
certainly · understood
I'm terribly sorry
sorry to keep you waiting
excuse me, but…
is — humble-polite です
please come again
— casual
— です・ます
— 敬語

Talking to outsiders, your own side counts as “me”: a receptionist says about her own boss — no さん, humble おる.