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擬音語・擬態語

giongo · gitaigo — onomatopoeia: words that sound like what they mean

Review 21 →
· rain pouring
· dog barking
· heart pounding
· stars twinkling

Imitate a real sound: animals, rain, knocks, crashes. Like English woof, bang.

No sound at all — they "sound like" a look, a motion, a texture or a feeling. English barely has these.

Most are a doubled pair (). Manga letter sound effects in katakana for punch; in running text many are written in hiragana () — both spellings are the same word.

Grammar — four ways to plug one in

how it happens (adverb) と is optional after doubled words (ゆっくり歩く), usual after one-shot ones (ガチャンと).
a verb: to be / feel ~ Most feelings and textures work this way.
a state / before a noun Describe a state like a な-adjective, but with の before nouns.
the result of an action Polish it until it is ~.
  • wanwan woof
    — The dog goes woof woof.
  • nyaa meow
    — The cat meowed.
  • dondon bang bang (knocking)
    — Bang on the door.
  • gachan clatter, slam
    — Slammed the phone down.
  • zaazaa pouring (rain)
    — It's pouring.
  • potsupotsu pitter-patter, in drops
    — It started to spit rain.
  • gorogoro rumble (thunder)
    — Thunder is rumbling.
  • kirakira twinkling, sparkling
    — The stars twinkle.
  • pikapika shiny, spotless
    — Polished the shoes until they shone.
  • fuwafuwa fluffy; floating
    — fluffy pancakes
  • guruguru round and round
    — My head is spinning.
  • yukkuri slowly, unhurried
    — Walk slowly.
  • gussuri soundly (asleep)
    — Slept like a log.
  • furafura unsteady, dizzy
    — I'm wobbly with fever.
  • betabeta sticky, tacky
    — My hands are sticky.
  • sarasara silky, dry and smooth
    — silky hair
  • tsurutsuru slippery, glassy smooth
    — The icy road is slippery.
  • nebaneba gooey, stringy
    — Natto is gooey.
  • dokidoki heart pounding
    — My heart is pounding.
  • wakuwaku excited, thrilled
    — I'm excited about the trip.
  • iraira irritated
    — The late train is getting on my nerves.
  • pekopeko starving
    — I'm starving.
  • mukamuka queasy; fuming
    — I feel sick to my stomach.
  • zukizuki throbbing (pain)
    — I have a throbbing headache.
  • hirihiri stinging, burning
    — My sunburn stings.
  • zokuzoku shivers, chills
    — I've got chills down my back.
  • mogumogu munch, chew
    — Munch on bread.
  • pakupaku gobble, bite after bite
    — The kid wolfs it down.
  • gokugoku gulp gulp
    — Gulp down water.

Same word, different sense

Context — and the grammar slot — decides which one you mean.

rumbling (擬音語)
lazing around (擬態語)

too: (starving) vs. (bowing over and over).