Nihongo
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Word · 単語
certainly
  1. 1 certainly, of course, to be sure, surely
  2. 2 even if, no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how), though, although — usu. with volitional verb or adj. stem
  3. 3 without even, without so much as — with neg. verb
  4. 4 at the (least, earliest, etc.) — after an adverb
  5. 5 also (called), also as
  6. 6 well — sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と
N3
JLPT
strokes
#392
frequency
Not started
Study

Mastered counts as known everywhere (frontier, map, extension) but never appears in the quiz again. New wipes the review history for this item.

· examples

  • Yes, that is most certainly so.

    sense 1 · certainly

  • Whatever may happen.

    sense 2 · even if

  • I am happy in spite of poverty.

    sense 2 · even if

  • Whatever may happen, I am prepared for it.

    sense 2 · even if

  • However that may be, I am wrong.

    sense 2 · even if